Growth rates

Growth rates

Here we have compiled growth rate estimations for gases, regions, sectors, subsectors and countries. We use the simple compound average growth rate calculation:

r = (E(t+n)/E(t))^(1/t) - 1

where E is the emissions value in a given year t. Following the Global Carbon Project convention (Friedlingstein et al. 2019), we apply an adjustment for leap years, where E = E*(365/366) in leap years. This is why the totals here for 2000 (a leap year) are slightly different from the raw data.

The code for producing these tables is here: link

A spreadsheet is also available: link


Gases

Emissions (GtCO2eq)
Growth rate (%/yr)
Gas 1990 2000 2010 2019 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2019 1990-2019
CH4 8.2 8.5 9.7 10.6 0.3 1.3 0.3 0.1
CO2 22.7 25.7 34.1 37.9 1.1 2.6 1.3 0.4
Fgas 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.7 5.6 2.1 6.2 2.0
GHG 33.1 36.8 46.8 51.8 1.0 2.2 1.0 0.3
N2O 1.9 2.0 2.3 2.5 0.6 1.0 0.7 0.2

Regions

Emissions (GtCO2eq)
Growth rate (%/yr)
Region category Region 1990 2000 2010 2019 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2019 1990-2019
IPCC 6 regions Africa 2.8 3.4 4.4 5.0 1.8 2.3 2.0 0.7
IPCC 6 regions Asia and developing Pacific 9.8 12.3 20.1 25.4 2.1 4.6 2.3 0.8
IPCC 6 regions Developed Countries 15.7 16.1 15.2 14.1 0.2 -0.5 0.3 0.1
IPCC 6 regions Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia 4.3 2.8 3.2 3.5 -3.9 1.2 -4.3 -1.4
IPCC 6 regions Intl. Aviation 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 2.9 2.4 3.2 1.1
IPCC 6 regions Intl. Shipping 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 2.7 2.6 3.0 1.0
IPCC 6 regions Latin America and Caribbean 3.7 4.7 5.6 5.9 2.2 1.5 2.4 0.8
IPCC 6 regions Middle East 1.1 1.6 2.5 3.1 3.5 4.0 3.9 1.3

Sectors

Emissions (GtCO2eq)
Growth rate (%/yr)
Sector 1990 2000 2010 2019 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2019 1990-2019
AFOLU 10.2 10.2 11.1 12.8 0.0 0.8 0.0 0.0
Buildings 6.4 7.5 9.1 NA 1.5 1.8 1.6 0.5
Energy systems 12.0 14.0 18.2 19.8 1.4 2.4 1.6 0.5
Industry 11.3 12.4 17.6 NA 0.8 3.3 0.9 0.3
Transport 5.1 6.3 7.6 NA 1.9 1.8 2.1 0.7

Subsectors

Emissions (MtCO2eq)
Growth rate (%/yr)
Sector Subsector 1990 2000 2010 2019 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2019 1990-2019
AFOLU Biomass burning (CO2, CH4) 42.0 46.0 59.0 68.7 0.8 2.3 0.9 0.3
AFOLU Enteric Fermentation (CH4) 2477.6 2487.7 2766.4 2983.7 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0
AFOLU Managed soils and pasture (CO2, N2O) 1057.6 1116.7 1259.5 1389.4 0.5 1.1 0.5 0.2
AFOLU Manure management (N2O, CH4) 385.8 379.5 403.7 428.5 -0.1 0.6 -0.2 -0.1
AFOLU Rice cultivation (CH4) 1063.2 908.5 1008.8 1025.1 -1.4 1.0 -1.6 -0.5
AFOLU Synthetic fertilizer application (N2O) 223.9 247.3 301.9 343.0 0.9 1.8 1.0 0.3
Buildings Non-CO2 (all buildings) 0.0 22.9 26.5 24.2 102.8 1.3 117.6 29.6
Buildings Non-residential 782.3 712.1 827.0 902.1 -0.9 1.4 -0.9 -0.3
Buildings Residential 2224.0 2166.7 2235.8 2372.1 -0.2 0.3 -0.3 -0.1
Energy systems Biomass energy systems 96.6 94.8 128.3 154.5 -0.2 2.8 -0.2 -0.1
Energy systems Coal mining fugitive emissions 910.4 758.7 1150.2 1277.1 -1.6 3.9 -1.8 -0.6
Energy systems Electricity & heat 7655.4 9394.5 12617.1 13824.6 1.9 2.7 2.1 0.7
Energy systems Oil and gas fugitive emissions 1767.0 2244.2 2349.8 2603.9 2.2 0.4 2.4 0.8
Energy systems Other (energy systems) 1003.4 899.1 1303.4 1336.2 -1.0 3.4 -1.1 -0.4
Energy systems Petroleum refining 529.1 598.9 627.1 632.3 1.1 0.4 1.2 0.4
Industry Cement 514.7 729.1 1388.0 1521.9 3.2 6.0 3.5 1.2
Industry Chemicals 1658.8 1845.4 2411.8 2788.2 1.0 2.5 1.1 0.4
Industry Metals 1550.6 1574.1 2537.3 3192.5 0.1 4.4 0.2 0.1
Industry Other (industry) 2562.7 2559.2 3892.1 3848.0 0.0 3.9 0.0 0.0
Industry Waste 1577.8 1799.3 2036.5 2343.3 1.2 1.1 1.3 0.4
Transport Domestic Aviation 286.9 322.5 293.8 394.7 1.1 -0.8 1.2 0.4
Transport Inland Shipping 101.3 124.0 137.1 178.4 1.9 0.9 2.0 0.7
Transport International Aviation 260.3 356.3 461.1 636.6 2.9 2.4 3.2 1.1
Transport International Shipping 374.8 501.8 669.2 727.1 2.7 2.7 3.0 1.0
Transport Other (transport) 481.1 451.7 504.9 514.1 -0.6 1.0 -0.6 -0.2
Transport Rail 137.8 94.0 94.9 101.2 -3.4 0.1 -3.8 -1.3
Transport Road 3383.5 4318.0 5286.9 6162.3 2.2 1.9 2.5 0.8

Countries

Emissions (MtCO2eq)
Growth rate (%/yr)
Region Country 1990 2000 2010 2019 1990-2000 2000-2010 2010-2019 1990-2019
Africa Algeria 145.9 179.8 207.1 276.5 1.9 1.3 2.1 0.7
Africa Angola 33.7 69.9 77.3 82.9 6.8 0.9 7.6 2.5
Africa Benin 4.0 6.3 11.9 17.8 4.1 6.0 4.5 1.5
Africa Botswana 9.0 10.2 9.7 12.5 1.2 -0.4 1.3 0.4
Africa Burkina Faso 10.7 13.8 23.3 30.2 2.4 4.9 2.6 0.9
Africa Burundi 2.9 2.9 4.5 6.5 -0.2 4.1 -0.2 -0.1
Africa Cabo Verde 0.2 0.6 1.1 1.2 8.6 6.2 9.4 3.1
Africa Cameroon 30.7 31.8 31.3 40.5 0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.1
Africa Central African Republic 4.9 7.0 9.1 11.0 3.2 2.4 3.5 1.2
Africa Chad 10.4 25.5 45.0 75.4 8.5 5.3 9.4 3.0
Africa Comoros 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8 2.8 2.7 3.0 1.0
Africa Congo, Dem. Rep.  24.8 24.9 30.4 49.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0
Africa Congo, Rep.  11.2 21.7 22.6 23.2 6.2 0.4 6.8 2.2
Africa Côte d’Ivoire 10.7 17.6 20.8 28.6 4.7 1.5 5.2 1.7
Africa Djibouti 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.3 -0.5 0.5 -0.5 -0.2
Africa Egypt, Arab Rep.  147.5 197.9 305.3 379.2 2.7 4.0 3.0 1.0
Africa Equatorial Guinea 0.2 12.3 20.2 15.0 44.0 4.6 49.3 14.3
Africa Eritrea 4.7 5.5 5.7 6.7 1.5 0.2 1.7 0.6
Africa Ethiopia 65.6 74.8 123.3 160.6 1.2 4.6 1.3 0.4
Africa French Southern Territories 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Africa Gabon 20.2 27.0 20.7 19.4 2.7 -2.4 2.9 1.0
Africa Gambia, The 0.9 1.2 2.0 2.2 2.6 4.3 2.9 1.0
Africa Ghana 10.8 15.9 23.1 38.9 3.5 3.5 3.9 1.3
Africa Guinea 7.4 11.0 18.3 25.8 3.7 4.7 4.1 1.3
Africa Guinea-Bissau 1.6 1.9 2.6 3.0 1.9 2.6 2.0 0.7
Africa Kenya 41.5 45.2 83.7 96.5 0.8 5.8 0.9 0.3
Africa Lesotho 2.1 2.7 2.8 3.0 2.4 0.4 2.7 0.9
Africa Liberia 1.6 2.0 3.1 4.4 1.7 4.2 1.9 0.6
Africa Libya 90.7 90.3 104.0 80.1 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0
Africa Madagascar 24.7 26.9 29.9 33.7 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.3
Africa Malawi 5.1 6.7 9.6 13.4 2.5 3.2 2.8 0.9
Africa Mali 12.9 17.0 27.7 41.6 2.6 4.5 2.8 0.9
Africa Mauritania 6.5 8.9 11.0 13.8 3.0 1.9 3.3 1.1
Africa Mauritius 1.9 3.3 4.5 4.8 4.9 3.0 5.4 1.8
Africa Mayotte 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.3 3.1 4.8 1.6
Africa Morocco 44.2 58.3 82.2 109.9 2.5 3.2 2.8 0.9
Africa Mozambique 8.3 11.4 15.9 34.9 3.0 3.1 3.3 1.1
Africa Namibia 7.0 8.3 9.8 12.2 1.6 1.5 1.7 0.6
Africa Niger 12.2 17.1 24.6 37.1 3.1 3.4 3.4 1.1
Africa Nigeria 284.4 413.2 355.6 407.6 3.5 -1.4 3.8 1.3
Africa Réunion 1.2 2.6 3.1 3.2 7.1 1.7 7.8 2.5
Africa Rwanda 3.7 3.8 5.8 7.1 0.1 4.0 0.2 0.1
Africa Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.2
Africa São Tomé and Principe 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 2.8 5.1 3.1 1.0
Africa Senegal 10.0 13.6 19.3 24.9 2.9 3.2 3.1 1.0
Africa Seychelles 0.4 1.0 1.1 1.3 9.2 0.9 10.1 3.3
Africa Sierra Leone 3.9 3.2 5.5 7.3 -1.9 5.1 -2.0 -0.7
Africa Somalia 24.8 26.6 27.8 29.5 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.2
Africa South Africa 403.0 445.8 571.0 577.0 0.9 2.3 1.0 0.3
Africa Sudan 59.0 92.8 121.7 136.2 4.2 2.5 4.6 1.5
Africa Swaziland 2.9 4.5 4.6 3.4 4.2 0.2 4.7 1.5
Africa Tanzania 31.2 41.0 56.8 78.3 2.5 3.0 2.8 0.9
Africa Togo 3.4 4.9 7.4 9.7 3.4 3.8 3.7 1.2
Africa Tunisia 23.7 32.9 41.8 43.7 3.0 2.2 3.3 1.1
Africa Uganda 16.1 21.3 37.8 50.0 2.6 5.4 2.8 0.9
Africa Western Sahara 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.7 3.1 1.0 3.4 1.1
Africa Zambia 15.5 15.1 18.8 29.3 -0.2 2.0 -0.2 -0.1
Africa Zimbabwe 34.6 32.9 28.4 30.8 -0.4 -1.4 -0.5 -0.2
Asia and developing Pacific Afghanistan 13.4 15.5 28.4 30.4 1.3 5.7 1.4 0.5
Asia and developing Pacific American Samoa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.9 -0.2 2.1 0.7
Asia and developing Pacific Bangladesh 136.4 153.4 210.8 277.9 1.1 2.9 1.2 0.4
Asia and developing Pacific Bhutan 1.1 1.5 2.1 2.4 2.5 3.2 2.7 0.9
Asia and developing Pacific Brunei Darussalam 8.2 11.2 14.1 13.5 2.9 2.1 3.2 1.1
Asia and developing Pacific Cambodia 19.5 23.6 34.2 42.7 1.8 3.4 1.9 0.6
Asia and developing Pacific China 3901.4 5275.8 11472.1 13971.4 2.8 7.3 3.1 1.0
Asia and developing Pacific Cook Islands 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 2.1 1.6 2.3 0.8
Asia and developing Pacific Fiji 2.1 2.7 2.3 3.4 2.1 -1.6 2.4 0.8
Asia and developing Pacific French Polynesia 0.9 0.8 1.0 1.1 -1.5 2.1 -1.6 -0.6
Asia and developing Pacific Guam 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.8 0.5 1.9 0.6
Asia and developing Pacific Hong Kong SAR, China 38.4 46.1 48.1 48.6 1.7 0.4 1.9 0.6
Asia and developing Pacific India 1410.1 1882.2 2816.3 3660.1 2.7 3.7 2.9 1.0
Asia and developing Pacific Indonesia 423.9 591.3 784.1 1157.8 3.1 2.6 3.4 1.1
Asia and developing Pacific Kiribati 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 3.8 3.9 4.2 1.4
Asia and developing Pacific Korea, Dem. People’s Rep.  167.7 101.4 79.5 48.0 -4.5 -2.2 -4.9 -1.7
Asia and developing Pacific Korea, Rep.  324.1 546.1 661.4 725.0 4.9 1.8 5.4 1.8
Asia and developing Pacific Lao PDR 8.1 10.0 14.6 37.6 2.0 3.5 2.2 0.7
Asia and developing Pacific Macao SAR, China 1.0 1.5 1.2 2.5 3.3 -1.6 3.7 1.2
Asia and developing Pacific Malaysia 95.1 186.6 284.3 333.8 6.3 3.9 7.0 2.3
Asia and developing Pacific Maldives 0.1 0.7 1.0 2.0 14.7 4.0 16.3 5.2
Asia and developing Pacific Marshall Islands 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.2 1.0 0.3
Asia and developing Pacific Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.5 0.8 0.3
Asia and developing Pacific Mongolia 25.8 25.3 37.4 66.9 -0.2 3.6 -0.2 -0.1
Asia and developing Pacific Myanmar 70.7 89.1 116.6 152.8 2.1 2.5 2.3 0.8
Asia and developing Pacific Nauru 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 2.0 1.6 0.5
Asia and developing Pacific Nepal 30.8 35.1 40.5 51.8 1.2 1.3 1.3 0.4
Asia and developing Pacific New Caledonia 1.9 2.9 3.9 5.7 3.9 2.7 4.3 1.4
Asia and developing Pacific Niue 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 0.5 0.2
Asia and developing Pacific Northern Mariana Islands 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.7 -0.7 7.4 2.4
Asia and developing Pacific Pakistan 210.1 289.2 388.7 516.2 2.9 2.7 3.2 1.1
Asia and developing Pacific Palau 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.4 -0.4 -0.1 -0.4 -0.1
Asia and developing Pacific Papua New Guinea 3.5 5.8 6.9 18.0 4.9 1.6 5.4 1.8
Asia and developing Pacific Philippines 107.6 147.2 170.6 248.0 2.9 1.3 3.2 1.1
Asia and developing Pacific Pitcairn 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Asia and developing Pacific Samoa 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 1.8 1.1 0.4
Asia and developing Pacific Singapore 33.8 57.0 56.1 65.8 4.9 -0.2 5.4 1.8
Asia and developing Pacific Solomon Islands 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.1 1.8 1.2 0.4
Asia and developing Pacific Sri Lanka 22.3 27.3 32.7 44.8 1.9 1.6 2.0 0.7
Asia and developing Pacific Taiwan, China 142.3 251.8 303.2 308.2 5.3 1.7 5.9 1.9
Asia and developing Pacific Thailand 214.1 294.2 406.4 415.5 2.9 3.0 3.2 1.1
Asia and developing Pacific Timor-Leste 0.7 1.1 5.5 5.8 4.2 15.4 4.6 1.5
Asia and developing Pacific Tokelau 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.2 -1.2 -0.2 -0.1
Asia and developing Pacific Tonga 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.8 0.5 0.2
Asia and developing Pacific Tuvalu 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 1.2 1.5 0.5
Asia and developing Pacific United States Minor Outlying Islands 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Asia and developing Pacific Vanuatu 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 2.1 1.0 0.3
Asia and developing Pacific Vietnam 108.8 169.5 299.6 469.7 4.1 5.3 4.5 1.5
Asia and developing Pacific Wallis and Futuna 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 -0.1 0.4 0.1
Developed Countries Albania 11.4 7.1 8.0 9.4 -4.2 1.0 -4.6 -1.6
Developed Countries Australia 457.7 542.7 596.9 609.9 1.6 0.9 1.7 0.6
Developed Countries Austria 82.5 86.2 92.3 88.2 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.1
Developed Countries Belgium 145.1 157.2 148.6 133.0 0.7 -0.5 0.8 0.3
Developed Countries Bermuda 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.7 -2.4 2.8 -2.6 -0.9
Developed Countries Bosnia and Herzegovina 32.1 19.6 28.0 35.8 -4.4 3.3 -4.8 -1.6
Developed Countries Bulgaria 103.8 62.1 62.0 58.9 -4.6 0.0 -5.0 -1.7
Developed Countries Canada 593.8 725.5 728.9 766.1 1.8 0.0 2.0 0.7
Developed Countries Christmas Island 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Developed Countries Cocos (Keeling) Islands 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Developed Countries Croatia 34.6 26.3 29.5 26.4 -2.5 1.1 -2.7 -0.9
Developed Countries Cyprus 5.3 8.0 9.5 9.0 3.8 1.5 4.2 1.4
Developed Countries Czech Republic 195.8 153.3 144.5 128.8 -2.2 -0.5 -2.4 -0.8
Developed Countries Denmark 70.6 71.4 64.9 46.3 0.1 -0.9 0.1 0.0
Developed Countries Estonia 41.2 20.3 26.1 22.2 -6.2 2.3 -6.8 -2.3
Developed Countries Faroe Islands 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0
Developed Countries Finland 84.3 84.9 96.3 73.5 0.1 1.1 0.1 0.0
Developed Countries France 544.7 548.0 512.2 446.3 0.1 -0.6 0.1 0.0
Developed Countries Germany 1239.4 1050.5 952.0 827.5 -1.5 -0.9 -1.6 -0.5
Developed Countries Gibraltar 0.2 0.4 0.5 0.8 7.7 3.0 8.5 2.8
Developed Countries Greece 102.4 122.7 114.6 88.7 1.7 -0.6 1.8 0.6
Developed Countries Greenland 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.1 23.9 0.1 0.0
Developed Countries Heard Island and McDonald Islands 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Developed Countries Hungary 96.9 76.1 68.6 67.6 -2.2 -0.9 -2.4 -0.8
Developed Countries Iceland 4.6 3.9 5.0 4.8 -1.3 2.2 -1.4 -0.5
Developed Countries Ireland 58.5 74.1 68.2 67.4 2.2 -0.7 2.4 0.8
Developed Countries Italy 522.4 548.6 509.1 412.0 0.4 -0.7 0.5 0.2
Developed Countries Japan 1315.2 1377.8 1325.5 1245.6 0.4 -0.4 0.5 0.2
Developed Countries Latvia 28.2 10.8 13.1 13.3 -8.4 1.8 -9.2 -3.2
Developed Countries Lithuania 47.5 19.4 23.1 22.9 -7.8 1.6 -8.6 -2.9
Developed Countries Luxembourg 12.7 9.9 12.3 10.7 -2.3 2.0 -2.5 -0.8
Developed Countries Malta 2.5 2.4 3.1 2.1 -0.5 2.3 -0.6 -0.2
Developed Countries Netherlands 223.8 233.2 224.9 192.0 0.4 -0.3 0.4 0.1
Developed Countries New Zealand 70.5 81.9 85.3 88.1 1.4 0.4 1.5 0.5
Developed Countries Norfolk Island 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Developed Countries Norway 64.2 73.1 76.2 72.4 1.2 0.4 1.3 0.4
Developed Countries Poland 523.8 423.9 436.6 417.2 -1.9 0.3 -2.1 -0.7
Developed Countries Portugal 58.8 81.5 69.6 66.4 3.0 -1.4 3.3 1.1
Developed Countries Romania 247.2 133.7 122.1 119.3 -5.4 -0.8 -6.0 -2.0
Developed Countries Saint Pierre and Miquelon 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 -11.8 2.8 -12.9 -4.5
Developed Countries Slovak Republic 74.9 51.7 50.1 45.6 -3.3 -0.3 -3.6 -1.2
Developed Countries Slovenia 23.3 21.4 23.2 20.2 -0.8 0.7 -0.8 -0.3
Developed Countries Spain 300.0 393.4 381.0 339.3 2.5 -0.3 2.7 0.9
Developed Countries Sweden 80.0 80.7 78.4 66.1 0.1 -0.3 0.1 0.0
Developed Countries Switzerland 55.0 54.1 55.7 49.4 -0.2 0.3 -0.2 -0.1
Developed Countries Turkey 223.1 320.1 422.0 565.8 3.3 2.5 3.7 1.2
Developed Countries Ukraine 961.0 452.3 399.6 277.6 -6.6 -1.1 -7.3 -2.5
Developed Countries United Kingdom 782.9 702.4 600.3 459.6 -1.0 -1.4 -1.1 -0.4
Developed Countries United States 6236.4 7255.7 6763.1 6252.7 1.4 -0.6 1.5 0.5
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Armenia 24.3 6.0 7.1 8.3 -11.9 1.5 -13.0 -4.5
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Azerbaijan 69.8 41.1 47.8 60.6 -4.7 1.4 -5.2 -1.7
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Belarus 141.0 78.5 92.5 104.3 -5.2 1.5 -5.7 -1.9
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Georgia 42.3 11.6 12.0 16.3 -11.1 0.3 -12.1 -4.2
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Kazakhstan 355.2 179.6 322.2 372.3 -6.0 5.5 -6.6 -2.2
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Kyrgyz Republic 34.1 11.2 14.2 23.4 -9.7 2.2 -10.6 -3.7
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Macedonia, FYR 14.3 11.3 11.4 11.0 -2.1 0.0 -2.3 -0.8
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Moldova 37.8 10.1 11.7 12.4 -11.3 1.3 -12.3 -4.3
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Russian Federation 3080.8 2129.4 2251.3 2370.9 -3.3 0.5 -3.6 -1.2
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Serbia and Montenegro 85.9 83.1 100.4 110.7 -0.3 1.7 -0.3 -0.1
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Tajikistan 22.5 10.9 12.1 20.3 -6.4 0.9 -7.0 -2.4
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Turkmenistan 83.9 73.8 102.2 138.2 -1.2 3.0 -1.3 -0.4
Eastern Europe and West-Central Asia Uzbekistan 170.5 179.6 187.3 171.2 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.2
Intl. Aviation Int. Aviation 262.0 358.4 463.7 640.2 2.9 2.4 3.2 1.1
Intl. Shipping Int. Shipping 395.6 529.1 702.3 763.4 2.7 2.6 3.0 1.0
Latin America and Caribbean Anguilla 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 3.8 8.2 2.7
Latin America and Caribbean Antigua and Barbuda 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.6 0.4 2.3 0.4 0.1
Latin America and Caribbean Argentina 272.6 319.4 372.0 391.9 1.5 1.4 1.6 0.5
Latin America and Caribbean Aruba 0.6 0.9 1.1 0.9 5.0 1.1 5.5 1.8
Latin America and Caribbean Bahamas, The 3.0 3.5 3.0 2.6 1.3 -1.2 1.4 0.5
Latin America and Caribbean Barbados 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.6 0.9 0.5 1.0 0.3
Latin America and Caribbean Belize 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.1 1.6 2.6 1.7 0.6
Latin America and Caribbean Bolivia 31.0 31.8 45.6 59.9 0.2 3.3 0.3 0.1
Latin America and Caribbean Bouvet Island 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Latin America and Caribbean Brazil 698.8 942.8 1182.6 1291.0 2.8 2.1 3.0 1.0
Latin America and Caribbean British Virgin Islands 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 5.1 4.6 5.6 1.8
Latin America and Caribbean Cayman Islands 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 3.3 2.2 3.7 1.2
Latin America and Caribbean Chile 58.6 85.2 102.8 118.9 3.5 1.7 3.8 1.3
Latin America and Caribbean Colombia 135.6 153.3 174.1 207.3 1.1 1.2 1.2 0.4
Latin America and Caribbean Costa Rica 9.8 11.1 13.6 15.7 1.1 1.9 1.2 0.4
Latin America and Caribbean Cuba 62.8 50.0 51.1 46.4 -2.1 0.2 -2.3 -0.8
Latin America and Caribbean Curaçao 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.1 -7.9 -0.1 0.0
Latin America and Caribbean Dominica 0.1 0.2 0.2 0.2 4.2 2.1 4.7 1.5
Latin America and Caribbean Dominican Republic 17.8 28.6 34.4 43.6 4.4 1.7 4.9 1.6
Latin America and Caribbean Ecuador 38.1 45.2 68.5 68.6 1.6 3.8 1.7 0.6
Latin America and Caribbean El Salvador 7.7 10.9 12.0 12.3 3.2 0.9 3.5 1.2
Latin America and Caribbean Falkland Islands (Malvinas) 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 -0.2 0.7 -0.3 -0.1
Latin America and Caribbean French Guiana 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 -2.4 2.8 -2.6 -0.9
Latin America and Caribbean Grenada 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.4 2.7 2.6 0.9
Latin America and Caribbean Guadeloupe 1.8 2.0 2.3 2.2 1.0 1.4 1.1 0.4
Latin America and Caribbean Guatemala 13.8 22.5 29.3 42.6 4.6 2.4 5.0 1.7
Latin America and Caribbean Guyana 3.1 4.2 4.5 5.1 2.8 0.6 3.1 1.0
Latin America and Caribbean Haiti 6.2 8.1 12.0 14.2 2.4 3.7 2.7 0.9
Latin America and Caribbean Honduras 9.5 12.0 19.2 23.6 2.1 4.4 2.3 0.8
Latin America and Caribbean Jamaica 9.2 12.1 8.9 10.2 2.5 -2.8 2.7 0.9
Latin America and Caribbean Martinique 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.3 0.6 1.5 0.5
Latin America and Caribbean Mexico 464.7 629.8 763.1 781.5 2.8 1.8 3.1 1.0
Latin America and Caribbean Montserrat 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 1.0 5.8 1.1 0.4
Latin America and Caribbean Netherlands Antilles 2.8 5.9 4.6 3.4 6.8 -2.2 7.5 2.4
Latin America and Caribbean Nicaragua 10.5 13.5 16.0 19.8 2.3 1.6 2.5 0.8
Latin America and Caribbean Panama 7.3 9.9 15.3 16.2 2.9 4.0 3.2 1.0
Latin America and Caribbean Paraguay 21.6 26.0 38.0 44.0 1.7 3.5 1.9 0.6
Latin America and Caribbean Peru 45.8 57.8 80.1 95.1 2.1 3.0 2.4 0.8
Latin America and Caribbean Puerto Rico 3.7 4.3 4.9 6.9 1.2 1.2 1.4 0.5
Latin America and Caribbean South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 NaN NaN NaN NaN
Latin America and Caribbean St. Kitts and Nevis 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 7.0 2.3 7.7 2.5
Latin America and Caribbean St. Lucia 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 3.4 1.7 3.8 1.2
Latin America and Caribbean St. Vincent and the Grenadines 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.2 3.5 3.4 3.9 1.3
Latin America and Caribbean Suriname 2.8 2.4 2.8 3.1 -1.3 1.3 -1.4 -0.5
Latin America and Caribbean Trinidad and Tobago 18.0 28.1 59.4 49.1 4.1 7.1 4.6 1.5
Latin America and Caribbean Turks and Caicos Islands 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.2 26.1 8.9 29.1 8.9
Latin America and Caribbean Uruguay 29.6 34.3 39.9 40.9 1.4 1.4 1.5 0.5
Latin America and Caribbean Venezuela, RB 166.0 218.6 272.3 195.1 2.5 2.0 2.8 0.9
Latin America and Caribbean Virgin Islands (U.S.) 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 0.6 0.2
Middle East Bahrain 30.3 39.0 50.7 65.7 2.3 2.4 2.6 0.8
Middle East Iran, Islamic Rep.  330.3 523.3 800.8 964.8 4.3 3.9 4.7 1.5
Middle East Iraq 168.7 162.0 222.2 394.6 -0.4 2.9 -0.4 -0.1
Middle East Israel 41.7 68.5 85.1 85.3 4.6 2.0 5.1 1.7
Middle East Jordan 12.4 18.9 25.8 34.6 3.9 2.9 4.3 1.4
Middle East Kuwait 49.6 84.1 117.2 138.3 4.9 3.1 5.4 1.8
Middle East Lebanon 7.9 18.1 24.3 33.5 7.8 2.7 8.6 2.8
Middle East Oman 33.4 51.9 83.8 126.6 4.1 4.5 4.5 1.5
Middle East Qatar 29.0 69.2 134.8 190.3 8.2 6.2 9.1 2.9
Middle East Saudi Arabia 234.8 345.8 595.9 736.6 3.6 5.1 3.9 1.3
Middle East Syrian Arab Republic 63.9 86.2 91.9 40.7 2.8 0.6 3.0 1.0
Middle East United Arab Emirates 84.3 124.2 215.3 274.6 3.6 5.1 3.9 1.3
Middle East Yemen, Rep.  18.2 32.4 54.2 27.3 5.4 4.8 6.0 1.9

Decarbonising countries

Decarbonising countries

Some countries have sustained greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions for at least 10 years. This is true for multiple metrics, including territorial GHG emissions, territorial CO2 emissions, consumption-based CO2 emissions, and territorial GHG emissions including LULUCF CO2.

As shown in the individual plots by country, most reductions were made in the electricity and heat sub-sector. Some countries have been reducing for several decades, others in the past 10 years only.

Please note: this analysis is based on EDGAR v5 and is not currently up to date.


24 countries have reduced CO2 and GHG emissions for longer than a decade


Caption:
Links:

Belgium

Bulgaria

Cyprus

Czech Republic

Germany

Denmark

Spain

Finland

France

United Kingdom

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

Italy

Jamaica

Macedonia, FYR

Netherlands

Portugal

Romania

Slovak Republic

Slovenia

Sweden

Ukraine

United States

Info

Authors

The following team compiled the emissions data from underlying sources, designed and carried out the analysis, and produced the figures:

  • William F. Lamb (IPCC AR6 WGIII Ch2), Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)
  • Jan C. Minx (IPCC AR6 WGIII Ch2), Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)
  • Niklas Döbbling, Mercator Research Institute on Global Commons and Climate Change (MCC)

We gratefully acknowledge the support of the following authors: Alaa Al Khourdajie, Julia Pongratz, Robbie Andrew, Thomas Wiedmann, Monica Crippa, Jos G.J. Olivier, Jo House, Maria Figueroa, Yamina Saheb, Raphael Slade, Suzana Kahn Ribeiro, Smail Khennas, Stephane de la Rue du Can, Igor Bashmakov, Josep G. Canadell, Piers M. Forster, Diego Guizzardi, Glen P. Peters, Andy Reisinger, Matthew Rigby, Marielle Saunois, Steven J. Smith, Efisio Solazzo, Hanqin Tian, Michael Grubb

Data sources

We use the EDGAR v6.0 database of greenhouse gas emissions, which covers all major anthropogenic emissions sources and has a time span of 1970 to 2019 (Crippa et al 2019). EDGAR includes CO2 emissions from fossil fuel combustion derived from International Energy Agency data (IEA), supplemented with CH4 and N2O emissions from forest and peat fires taken from the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED v4.1s; Van Der Werf et al 2017).

EDGAR does not include land-use, land-use change and forestry CO2 emissions and removals (LULUCF CO2 emissions). We therefore source these separately, using the average of three global bookkeeping models (Hansis et al 2015, Houghton and Nassikas 2017, Gasser et al 2020) in a convention established by the Global Carbon Project (Friedlingstein et al 2019). These include CO2 emissions from peat burning and draining from FAO and GFED.

Sector and region classification

We group greenhouse gas emissions sources into five sectors covering aspects of energy supply, including fossil fuel extraction, processing, transport and generation (energy systems sector), energy demand in final sectors (transport, buildings, and industry sectors), non-energy related process emissions (e.g. cement and Fgases within industry), and agriculture and LULUCF emissions (AFOLU). 27 further sub-sectors capture more detailed emissions trends.

Countries are grouped into regions following the IPCC AR6 WGIII classification based on geography and development status.

Global warming potentials

We use global warming potentials with a time horizon of 100 years (GWP100) to compare and aggregate different greenhouse gases. We use the latest GWP100 values with climate feedbacks from IPCC AR6 Working Group I, which are confidential until the release of the report in August 2021.

Data access

The data is published in an open access preprint, with the full detail on our sources and methods available:

[Note: a separate file with AR6 GWP100 values is available for IPCC authors on DM]

Differences to EDGARv5

Several changes occurred between EDGAR v5 and EDGAR v6. Methane emissions were revised down prior to 1990. Fgas emissions were substantially revised downwards. Savannah fire emissions are no longer available. The following file provides some detailed analysis on these changes in terms of totals, regions, sectors and countries: Link